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デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~

Decorator (デコレータ)
 装飾者

Decoratorパターンとは、サブクラス化せずにクラスの機能拡張を行うためのパターンです。その機能拡張は動的に行うことができます。イメージとしては共通の親クラスを持つ装飾されるクラスとデコレータを定義し、そのクラスをデコレータでラップしていく感じになります。

 

では、例を示します。

  1. 装飾されるクラスとデコレータの基本クラスとなる抽象クラスを定義します。
    C# Code
    // 食品抽象クラス
    public abstract class AbstractFood
    {
        // 説明フィールド
        protected string description = "食品の説明";
    
        // 説明プロパティ
        // ※仮想プロパティとして定義
        public virtual string Description
        {
            get
            {
                return description;
            }
        }
    
        // 価格取得
        public abstract decimal GetPrice();
    }
    
  2. 1.で定義した抽象クラスを継承した、デコレータの基本クラスとなる派生抽象クラスを定義します。
    C# Code
    // デコレータ抽象クラス
    public abstract class AbstractDecorator : AbstractFood
    {
        // 説明プロパティ
        // ※ここでオーバーライドするためにAbstractFoodクラスでは仮想プロパティとした。
        public abstract override string Description
        {
            get;
        }
    }
    
  3. 装飾される大元となるクラスを定義します。このクラスでは必要なメソッドをオーバーライドします。今回は牛丼クラスとして定義します。
    C# Code
    // 牛丼クラス
    public class Gyudon : AbstractFood
    {
        // コンストラクタ
        public Gyudon()
        {
            this.description = "牛丼";
        }
    
        // 価格取得メソッド
        public override decimal GetPrice()
        {
            return 380m;
        }
    }
    
  4. デコレータのクラスを定義します。デコレータでは、内部に被装飾者のフィールドを持ち、それぞれのメソッドの結果は被装飾者の同一名メソッドの実行結果に追加する形にします。今回は牛丼のトッピングとしてキムチとつゆだくを定義します。
    C# Code
    // キムチデコレータ
    class Kimuchi : AbstractDecorator
    {
        // 被装飾者格納用変数
        private AbstractFood food;
    
        // コンストラクタ
        // 被装飾者のインスタンスを格納する
        public Kimuchi(AbstractFood food)
        {
            this.food = food;
        }
    
        // 説明プロパティ
        public override string Description
        {
            get
            {
                // 非装飾者の説明に追加する
                return food.Description + ",キムチ";
            }
        }
    
        // 価格取得
        public override decimal GetPrice()
        {
            // 非装飾者の価格に追加する
            return food.GetPrice() + 100m;
        }
    }
    
    // つゆだくデコレータ
    class Tsuyudaku : AbstractDecorator
    {
        // 被装飾者格納用変数
        private AbstractFood food;
    
        // コンストラクタ
        // 被装飾者のインスタンスを格納する
        public Tsuyudaku(AbstractFood food)
        {
            this.food = food;
        }
    
        // 説明プロパティ
        public override string Description
        {
            get
            {
                // 非装飾者の説明に追加する
                if ( food is Tsuyudaku )
                {
                    return food.Description + "だく";
                }
                else
                {
                    return food.Description + ",つゆだく";
                }
            }
        }
    
        // 価格取得
        public override decimal GetPrice()
        {
            // 非装飾者の価格に追加する
            return food.GetPrice() + 0;
        }
    }
    

以上のコードを実行してみます。

 

実行用コード

C# Code
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 牛丼を注文
        AbstractFood order = new Gyudon();

        // 現在の注文を確認
        Console.WriteLine("説明:{0}", order.Description);
        Console.WriteLine("価格:{0:N} 円", order.GetPrice());

        // キムチをトッピング
        order = new Kimuchi(order);

        // 現在の注文を確認
        Console.WriteLine("説明:{0}", order.Description);
        Console.WriteLine("価格:{0:N} 円", order.GetPrice());

        // つゆだく追加
        order = new Tsuyudaku(order);

        // 現在の注文を確認
        Console.WriteLine("説明:{0}", order.Description);
        Console.WriteLine("価格:{0:N} 円", order.GetPrice());

        // さらにつゆだく追加
        order = new Tsuyudaku(order);

        // 現在の注文を確認
        Console.WriteLine("説明:{0}", order.Description);
        Console.WriteLine("価格:{0:N} 円", order.GetPrice());
    }
}

実行結果

説明:牛丼
価格:380.00 円
説明:牛丼,キムチ
価格:480.00 円
説明:牛丼,キムチ,つゆだく
価格:480.00 円
説明:牛丼,キムチ,つゆだくだく
価格:480.00 円

上記のように、大本となる牛丼にトッピングを追加していくと、その分説明、価格が変化することが確認できます。

 

さて、Decoratorパターンを実際に使うような状況ですが、業務アプリではあまりなさそうな気がしますね。パッケージアプリなら、図形の表示スタイルを表すのに使ったりしてそうですね。まさに「Decorate」しますし。

あ、でも一度に複数のところ(標準出力、ファイル、DBなど)にログを吐いたりする場合、これを使えばインスタンス一つで全部処理ができそうな感じがします。

こんな使い方ってあってます?

投稿日時 : 2007年5月31日 1:09

Feedback

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2007/05/31 9:33 かずくん

> 業務アプリではあまりなさそうな気がしますね。
CSVの読み書きに使いました。

NetworkStream -> 間でごにょごにょStream -> CSVの読み込みStream -> FileStreamって感じ。
逆も然り。

あとDecoratorパターンは、拡張する方向だけでなく、絞込みにも使えます(Filter)
または、処理の連結とかにも(Pipe)。

#Pipeは以前、επιさんが、Cマガの連載で書いてたのを思い出した。
##って書いといて、何らかのフォローをwktk

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2007/05/31 9:48 シャノン

デコレータを作るのにDIとか使うと面白そうカモー?

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2007/05/31 22:40 まさる

>かずくんさん
Stream系のクラスをMSDNライブラリでざっと確認したんですが、ほとんどDecoratorとして使えるんですね。
NetworkStream->CryptStream->FileStreamとかやれば、ネットワークからデータを取得して暗号化した後にファイルに書き込む、とかできると。こりゃ覚えておかないとφ(.. )メモメモ
>絞込みにも使えます(Filter)
>または、処理の連結とかにも(Pipe)。
次のネタに使わせていただきます<(_ _)>

>シャノンさん
DIはさらっと@ITの中のSpring Frameworkの記事を読んだくらいで、まったくわからんのです。
一通りデザインパターンの学習が終わったら手をつけてみようと思います。それまでの宿題ということで(^^;

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2007/05/31 23:51 επιστημη

土曜日の勉強会でパクらせていただきまするー♪
ベタにパクってもおもろくねぇので、
IEnumerable<T>をデコレートしてみゆ。

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2007/06/01 12:55 まさる

わぉ!マジですか!?
明日がすっげー楽しみです。

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2007/06/03 2:36 επιστημη

ものの見事にはぐらかしましたなりー♪
IEnumerable<T>を食わしてIEnumerable<T>を吐かせるっちゅー
変則Decoratorでしたとさ。

# デザインパターンを学ぶ~その7:Decoratorパターン(2)~ 2007/06/12 0:13 まさるblog

デザインパターンを学ぶ~その7:Decoratorパターン(2)~

# デザインパターンを学ぶ~その8:Decoratorパターン(3)~ 2007/06/18 0:09 まさるblog

デザインパターンを学ぶ~その8:Decoratorパターン(3)~

# デザインパターンを学ぶ~その11:ちょっとだけDecoratorパターン(1)~ 2007/08/17 14:31 まさるblog

デザインパターンを学ぶ~その11:ちょっとだけDecoratorパターン(1)~

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# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2023/03/04 7:01 Optimum

strategy, of sticking to a game plan or adjusting it when needed, with neither haste nor panic.

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2023/03/04 7:03 Optimum

Novak Djokovic learned both patience and intuition with good teachers and countless hours of practice and training

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2023/03/04 7:07 Optimum

Like his friend Andy Murray, he is a big-hearted gutsy, never-quit player, and, like Roger Federer, he is an analytical

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2023/03/22 23:15 Optimum

svdsiogsogdocugsuogas

# re: デザインパターンを学ぶ~その6:Decoratorパターン(1)~ 2023/03/22 23:15 Optimum

svdsiogsogdocugsuogas

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