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  1. 東京勉強会#2
    C++/CLI カクテル・レシピ
  2. 東京勉強会#3
    template vs. generics
  3. 大阪勉強会#6
    C++むかしばなし
  4. 東京勉強会#7
    C++むかしばなし
  5. 東京勉強会#8
    STL/CLRによるGeneric Programming
  6. TechEd 2007 @YOKOHAMA
    C++・C++/CLI・C# 適材適所
  7. 東京勉強会#14
    Making of BOF
  8. 東京勉強会#15
    状態遷移
  9. 名古屋勉強会#2
    WinUnit - お気楽お手軽UnitTest

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  3. SQLiteで組み込みDB体験(2007年版)
  4. C++/CLIによるCライブラリの.NET化
  5. C# 1.1からC# 3.0まで~言語仕様の進化
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  14. マージ・ソート : 巨大データのソート法
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  16. C++0xの新機能「ラムダ式」を次期Visual Studioでいち早く試す
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  20. インテルTBBによる選択ソートの高速化
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  30. なぜsetを使っちゃいけないの?
  31. WPFアプリケーションで腕試し ~C++でもWPFアプリを
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  37. Visual C++ 2012:stateless-lambdaとSQLiteのぷち拡張
  38. 「Visual C++ Compiler November 2012 CTP」で追加された6つの新機能

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性能向上は難しい──アムダールの法則

Core2Duo/Quadとかi7とかPhenomとか、マルチコアCPUがアッタリマエになっちゃいました。
CPUクロックが頭打ちになっちまっただから数で稼ごうってわけすね。
水圧上げるのがキツくなればパイプ太くして水量増やすってゆー、わかりやすぅい♪
マルチコアでどんだけ性能上がるんや? の目安に「アムダールの法則」ちうのがあります。

アムダールの法則(Amdahl's Law):

 性能向上 P = 1/(F+(1-F)/N)
  F : 並列化できない部分の割合
  N : コア数

式を変形すると: P = N/((N-1)F+1) となります。
・F=0つまりアタマからケツまで並列化できれば P = N となり、
 コアの数だけ速くなる。そらそーだ。
・F=1つまり並列化できる部分がまったくなければ P = 1となり、
 コアをいくら積もうが無駄無駄ムダァ! と。

さらに上式をFについて解くと: F = (N-P)/((N-1)P) となります。
・dual-core: N =2 とおくと F = (2-P)/P
 スピード5割増を狙うなら F = (2-1.5)/1.5 = 1/3
 全体の7割以上が並列化されないと5割増は期待できんてことになります。
・quad-core:N=4ならば F = (4-P)/3P
 同じく5割増なら F = (4-1.5)/4.5 = 5/9
 半分くらいは並列化できにゃならんですな。

んなわけで、並列化できない部分が多いといっくらコア積んでも
効果薄いてゆーアッタリマエの結果が導かれるわけっす。

性能阻害要因は"並列化できない部分"だけでなく、
メモリアクセス、コア間通信、粒度(スレッドのオーバヘッド)、負荷のバラツキ
なんかがあって、実際のパフォーマンスはさらに悪くなりますです。

※ 4月わんくま東京勉強会「数学Day」の伏線か?

投稿日時 : 2010年1月6日 10:17

コメントを追加

# re: 性能向上は難しい──アムダールの法則 2010/01/06 11:10 みきぬ

× P = 1/(F+(1-F)N)
○ P = 1/(F+(1-F)/N)

# re: 性能向上は難しい──アムダールの法則 2010/01/06 11:29 επιστημη

あいたたた、直します直します。

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