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国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"?

川端康成「雪国」の冒頭「国境の長い トンネル を抜けると雪国であった」は教科書にも載っているので殆どの方がご存じでしょう。
さて、冒頭の国境のヨミはどちらでしょう。私は無意識に「コッキョウ」だと思っていました。
「くにざかい」と読むべきだという話があります。http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~qm4h-iim/k020322.htm
「コッキョウ」だと国際的な国境を意味するので不適切だとの論です。
件の小説の舞台は、上野国・越後国の国境なので「くにざかい」であるべきだそうです。

川端康成氏存命の時から、川端研究者が存在していて、読み方問題が討論されていたようです。
当時の研究者か、作者本人に問い合わせた話を、高島俊男氏の本で読んだ記憶があります。
それによると、「読み方までは考えていなかった。コッキョーでいいのでないの」と答えられたそうです。
 ということは、作者本人の意図を無視して、ギャラリーが「くにざかい」であるべきだと主張していることになりますね。
国語の入試で「作者はなにが言いたかったのか」の設問に当の作者が間違ったという話もあります。
物事の決まり事や、ルールが当事者の意図とは違う視点て決められしまう例ですね。

「漢字での表記は規定するが、読み方は規定しない」という文化があるのかもしれませんね。
戸籍でも読み方は書かない、住民票で補足項目として読み方を記載しているたけだ。とも聞きます。
会話は、口語なので、読み方重視だと思うのです。でも、欧米人が単語のスペルを確認して話をするように、漢字を確認しながら会話をすることもありますね。
昔の武士の名前は分かっているが、読み方が不明なのもあるようで、なんか不思議な感じです。
 普遍的な読み方が存在しないので、alphabetのように発音記号の採用は不可能なんですね。
ふりがなを付けるべきだと思いますか、一方でフリガナを付けるのは「子供じみて見える」との意見もあります。

フリガナを付けないのは格好が良く見えますが、それと「大人じみている」こととは直結しないでしょう。
フリガナをつけて、誤読を抑制するほうが良いと思うのです。そうしないと、誤読バグを生み、後になってそのバグは大きくなって手を噛まれることになりかねません。

作者にとって読みは明白なんでしょうが、明記されていないと、後日作者と無縁のところで解釈論争が発生し、不毛論争になります。
開発作業も同じですね。
作成当時は、明白な処理分岐であっても、後日追跡すると、「なんで、こんな分岐があるの」というのがよくあります。これが、「動くから弄るな」となり、いつまで足を引っ張ることにもなります。
明白なことほど、明記する必要がありますね。

投稿日時 : 2009年11月4日 0:17

Feedback

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/04 1:30 Pasie.

>作者にとって読みは明白
 でもないかもですよ?
 "読み方までは考えていなかった"ってことはつまり、読み方(音)より意味するところが重要だという主張もありそうですよね。そうすると、作者の意図は「くにざかい」でも「こっきょう」でもないという解釈も存在するわけで。

 プログラムも実装の表現方法ばかりに囚われていると、バグを生みやすいと言うことで。

 目で見るから駄目なのだ。心で見るのだ。ということで是非 -_-;

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/04 7:21 れい

そうそう。

作者が振り仮名をつけたいと思えばつけられたわけで、
振り仮名が無いということは、
それが作者の発表したかった作品ということになります。
書き言葉に「読み」が存在する必要もありませんし。

読みがわからなくて混乱したとしても、
それこそが作者の意図だったという場合もありえます。

解釈論争をみて、草葉の陰から「ニヤリ」としているかもしれません。

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/04 8:40 επιστημη

> 国語の入試で「作者はなにが言いたかったのか」の設問に当の作者が間違ったという話もあります。

「俺はそんなつもりで書いちゃいねぇ!」てクレームつくこともあるとか。
なので入試には亡くなった作家の作品がよく使われます。(きっと)

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/04 13:34 aetos

仮にひらがなで振り仮名を振ったところで、それで音が一意に決まるとは限らないよね? とか言ってみる。
「ヱヴァンゲリヲン」ってどう発音するんですかね?

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/04 13:36 aetos

アルファベット(というのは必ずしも英語の文字のことではないですが)も、表音文字とは言えませんよ。
発音しない文字ってあるじゃないですか。「knight」みたいに。
だから英語にも、アルファベットとは別に発音記号がありますよね。

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/04 20:05 Ognac

読み方を規定せず、読者に依存させるテクニックですね。一種のコールバック手法(チト違うかも)。
あやふやな解釈のまま放置して、後の人に委ねる政治テクニックもあるようで、
実社会では、グレーのまま推移したほうが、おもしろく回るのかもしれませんね。
表音文字ですか、日本語には実装できそうにないのでしょうね。
過去にも、導入しようとした形跡がないのでは? 中国には ピンイン、注音符号があるのに、なぜでしょうね。
書き言葉に「読みは不要」という常識があったのかも。
 でも読み文化が大事たと思うのですか。

>なので入試には亡くなった作家の作品がよく使われます。(きっと)
死人に口なし....回避策ですね。
そもそも、「作者の意図は作者にしか分からない。読者は類推するだけだ」なのに、テストに出るのは矛盾している希ガス。

別問題ですが、地球へ(テラへ) は読みを振って当て読みを誘導しているから、良しなのかなぁ。

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/05 1:02 Pasie.

>表音文字ですか、日本語には実装できそうにないのでしょうね。
 「かな」って表音文字かと思いますが…
 表音文字と発音記号を混同してる?

>でも読み文化が大事たと思うのですか。
 いや別に読み文化が大切ではないと言ってない。書き文化(?)が、読み文化のサブセット(?)なわけではないと言っているだけかと。
 例えばintとかcharとかstrとかも同じ部類だと思いますけど。どう読みます?みんな同じに読みます?ふりがなつけます?そんな感じ。

p.s.ちょっとテスト
 か?き?く?け?こ?

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/05 1:11 Pasie.

>か?き?く?け?こ?
 だめか…>鼻濁音
 textbox内では表示できたのにな…

>作者の意図は作者にしか
 あと、国語の試験はそんなに感情/情緒的ではなくて、採点できる様に一意な答えが出る様に出題されているものがほとんどですから、あまり問題はないかも。「国境」の読みについてはどちらも正解になると思いますよ。
 「不思議」とかいて「あとむ」くんとかは問題になったりしないので大丈夫! 

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/05 19:17 Ognac

> 「かな」って表音文字かと思いますが…
> 表音文字と発音記号を混同してる?

一概にそうとはならないのが面白いところです。 「わ」「は」や、旧仮名遣いなど。
表音文字を追求すると戦前の "カナモジ運動" http://www.ykanda.jp/input/kana/kana.htm
に通じて、話がややこしくなりますが。

発音記号と混乱しちゃいましたが、発音の状態が、記録に残っていないは、辛いところだと思うのです。

>だめか…>鼻濁音
> textbox内では表示できたのにな…
これって、IPA表記 のことですかぁ
ユニコード上には存在するの?

# re: 国境は"コッキョウ" or "くにざかい"? 2009/11/06 0:38 Pasie.

 IPAじゃないです。
 unicodeには一応いますが合字かな? jisにはちゃんと定義されている文字なんですが。
 http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%9C

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