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DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って

以前の投稿: 安易な設計でデスマーチ http://blogs.wankuma.com/ognac/archive/2007/05/16/76952.aspx とカブルようなカブラナイような話。
顧客マスタや商品マスタなのとマスターのキー項目(コード項目)を数値にするのはよくあると思います。
アプリの種類によっては、取引データ上での顧客コードや商品コードは必須項目なのでNULLになるのはありえないとする要件はあります。
だからといって、取引データ上の顧客コードや商品コードを含む数字項目をすべてNot NULLにするのは飛躍しすぎです。

開発者からSE/PMに提案がありました。「取引データの新規登録画面では、DBのスキーマ・制約をCheckしてNOT NULL項目はDefault値で画面項目を初期設定のはどうですか」
局面でみれば悪くはないとして「数字項目はすべてNOT NULL」としたSEは無条件に採用した。<--- いいのか!!
件の画面はTextBoxのLostFocus時にマスタ存在チェックして名称を取得している。          <--- valdationでして欲しい!!
しかもマスタには コード値=0のデータは存在しない。
どうなるか考えなくても、画面UIとしては矛盾の塊になりますね。顧客コード欄にカーソルが入ると適正値を入力しないと抜けられない。
商品マスター欄は後から入力しようとしてもできない。この手の不具合をプログラムでカバーするのは無駄なコストとなって返ってきます。適切な設計だと不要な工数です。

他のマスターに関してもキーが数字であっても、取引データの該当項目をNOT NULLにするのはよくないです。
NULLという意味は未定という意味もあります。
発言力の大きい設計者がこんなルールを作っているのを目にするとナンダカナーと思うのです。
この手の設計者は開発者が提言しても聞く耳もたなかったりするので扱いにくい。
不勉強な設計者がデスマーチを招く。

投稿日時 : 2007年7月30日 23:17

Feedback

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/30 23:46 がんふぃーるど

.NET 1.1 のとき値型はnull取れなかったからその名残なんでない?DBに数値型でnull入ってた日には型付データセットなんてめちゃ制限されるし。
ただ、.NET 2.0 でnullable使って値型にnullが定義できるようになっても、正直DBにnullは入れたく無い。PL/SQLなんかで書くバッチ処理の方もnullあると面倒になるし(3値嫌い)、ちゃんとしたDAがいるならDBに入れるnullは極力減らすんで無い?

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/30 23:50 囚人

「これぞ業務アプリ」という開発の経験があんまりないので的外れな意見かもしれませんが、この問題って NOT NULL が問題ですか?逆に数値が NULL だったり NULL じゃなかったりする方が鬱陶しそうですが。

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 0:40 中博俊

おいらは減らさない。
NULLは値だから、必要なところには入れるし、不要なところには入れない。
それだけ。

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 0:50 Ognac

早速のレスありがとうございます。
私の文が業務仕様から見た視点だったので誤解を与えたかもしれません。
純粋に数字項目という型をみれば、Nullを許すと余計な処理を考慮しなくては成らないので複雑になります。
其の面からみると数字項目はNot Nullにするのは尤もなことです。
業務面からみると、NULLには複数の意味があり、「該当値が存在しない」「今は値が未定:将来きまるかも」という意味があります。
"このような項目は数字項目でなく文字項目にすべきだ"とも思うのですが、実勢は数字項目で設計する場合もあるのです。
該当項目をNULLにしたい例: 顧客コード欄は数字項目とします。
顧客マスタに コード / 氏名 / 紹介者 / 活動場所 の欄があるとします。
 顧客コード  氏名    紹介者    活動場所
   10    OGNAC_   NULL      20
   20    わんくま  NULL      NULL
   40    高田みず  10       50
   50    INETA_   NULL      NULL

紹介者/活動場所欄の値は 顧客マスタに対応して主従関係を構築します。そのため顧客コードと同じ数字項目になります。
顧客マスタのキー項目はNot NULLですが, 紹介者,活動場所の項目は NULLを許さないとややこしいことになります。

Not NULLにした例: 初期値を0にすると

 顧客コード  氏名    紹介者    活動場所
   00    NULL    0        0
   10    OGNAC_   0        20
   20    わんくま  0        0
   40    高田みず  10       50
   50    INETA_   0        0

こうすると、顧客コード0の行が特異な意味になり一貫性に欠けます。
この視点からも、DB項目では数字項目 をすべて Not NULL とするのには疑問がありのです。

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 0:53 RAPT

むしろ、UI 上は数値でも、DB では文字列で管理されてました<以前触ったDB
なので、NULL 許可で。

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 2:07 かつのり

自分の場合はT字形でモデリングを覚えたので、
全てNOT NULL派なんですが、あんまり困る事はないですね。

例で言うと、
・顧客(顧客ID、顧客コード、氏名)
・紹介(紹介ID、顧客コード、紹介者顧客コード)
・活動(活動ID、顧客コード、場所コード)
・場所(場所ID、場所コード、場所名)
という感じのテーブル構成になります。

テーブル数が多くなってメンドクサイとよく怒られますが、
ORマッパー等とは相性がよかったりします。

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 9:04 Mr.T

Mr.Tです、こんにちは。

気分的には、かつのりさん派になりますね。

数値は全てNULLというのは極端なわけですが、上記の例であれば、数値ではなくむしろ積極的に文字にしますかね。
#桁数自体にそれほど制約がなければ
#ですが。

数値であることの優位というのは、実際並び換え用の列をもたなくていい(いや、数値変換してOrder Byしてもいいんですがね)、というくらいしかあんまりないので、どちらでもよさそうな場合は、文字を指定してます。
だから、文字の場合はNULLではなく空文字にしちゃう。

NULLを利用せざるを得ないところってのは、実際それほどないように思う。

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 9:21 片桐

そのテーブルのプライマリーキー項目はNOT NULL
ま、これは前提、として……

業務において、「無いと困るんだけど」的項目はNOT NULL
あと金額とか個数とかの数値項目はNOT NULL、デフォルト0(集合関数対策ね)
上記以外はNULL、ですね。

Ognacさんのテーブルだと紹介者、活動場所はNULLにすると思うけど、かつのりさんのテーブルだとNOT NULLでないと逆にテーブル関係おかしくなると思うデスよ。

どっちが良いのかはテーブルの用途によるとは思いますが、挿入・更新・削除が頻繁ならOgnacテーブルの方が楽、閲覧が主ならかつのりテーブルが良い、って所でしょうか(^^;

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 12:21 Ognac

先ずは本文が一方的に否定した意味であったことを謝罪。否定文をアップするときは気を付けなくちゃ。
かつのりさん、Mr.Tさんがたのように根拠がしっかりした上での NOT NULLなら是非もなく賛同します。
この場合は、「マスターのキー項目は数字で規定する」としているのが元凶なんですが、規定事実なので甘受しているものとします。
業務データに、存在しない或いは未定という意味を持たすための仕組みをどこでカバーするかになります。
かつのりさん式でカバーするのもGJですが、ソースコード量と記述上の約束事が増えるのが引っかかります。
NULL項目として対処するのが開発コストが低くなると考えるのですが。
本文で引用した設計者がそこまで考えてNOT NULLにしたのであれば天晴れなんですが..どうも安易にNOT NULLにしただけのような......ww)

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 13:46 Mr.T

Mr.Tです、こんにちは。

>「マスターのキー項目は数字で規定する」

これって、DBの型と分離してもOKな項目じゃないでしょうか?
「数値」=「数値型」でなくても、「業務上扱う上で数値のみでコードが
形成されている」というだけじゃないでしょうか。

もし、SEが「ここは数値型で」と客にいってるなら、「客に型なんか関係ないんじゃー!!」とドロップキック突っ込んで欲しいw

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 14:13 片桐

数値≠数値型に同意。
日付をChar型にしたりするのと同じ感覚で、足し算引き算割り算掛け算平均合計とか、順番を意識した連採番が必要、とかでないのなら、別にChar型でいーじゃん、と私も考えるタイプです。

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 18:55 Ognac

今回の例では、設計者が数文字項目を 算術項目(個数/定価等)と非算術項目(コード/番号等)の区別を付けずに、数字項目として扱い且つNOT NULLにしたことに起因しますね。
設計者の責任は重いですよ~~。
非算術項目の時は、項目属性は文字にして、ZeroPadして桁合わせしておくのが、落ち着くのは私が古い?


この延長線で考えると、売上金額や個数などの純粋な数字項目(外部キー連携のない項目)はNot NULL制約をつけて、不具合はないことになりますが、なんか落とし穴が有りそうな気がします。この手の項目でNULLが必要な場面がありそうな、無さそうな。シナリオ依存ですけどね。

# re: DBの数値項目は無条件にNOT NULLにする設計って 2007/07/31 20:28 中博俊

>数値≠数値型に同意。

正直ありえない。
がっちがっちに意味付けします。

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Thanks a lot!

# Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for aspiring writers? I'm hoping to start my own website soon but I'm a little lost on everything. Would you suggest starting with a free platform like Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many choic 2022/03/25 8:19 Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for as

Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for aspiring writers?
I'm hoping to start my own website soon but I'm a little lost on everything.
Would you suggest starting with a free platform like Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many
choices out there that I'm completely confused .. Any suggestions?
Thanks a lot!

# Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for aspiring writers? I'm hoping to start my own website soon but I'm a little lost on everything. Would you suggest starting with a free platform like Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many choic 2022/03/25 8:20 Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for as

Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for aspiring writers?
I'm hoping to start my own website soon but I'm a little lost on everything.
Would you suggest starting with a free platform like Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many
choices out there that I'm completely confused .. Any suggestions?
Thanks a lot!

# Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for aspiring writers? I'm hoping to start my own website soon but I'm a little lost on everything. Would you suggest starting with a free platform like Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many choic 2022/03/25 8:21 Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for as

Wonderful blog! Do you have any suggestions for aspiring writers?
I'm hoping to start my own website soon but I'm a little lost on everything.
Would you suggest starting with a free platform like Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many
choices out there that I'm completely confused .. Any suggestions?
Thanks a lot!

# Awesome blog! Do you have any recommendations for aspiring writers? I'm hoping to start my own blog soon but I'm a little lost on everything. Would you advise starting with a free platform like Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many choices 2022/06/05 4:24 Awesome blog! Do you have any recommendations for

Awesome blog! Do you have any recommendations for aspiring writers?
I'm hoping to start my own blog soon but I'm a little lost on everything.
Would you advise starting with a free platform like Wordpress or
go for a paid option? There are so many choices out there that
I'm completely confused .. Any tips? Thanks a lot!

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# I don't even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great. I do not know who you are but certainly you are going to a famous blogger if you are not already ;) Cheers! 2022/07/31 19:11 I don't even know how I ended up here, but I thoug

I don't even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post
was great. I do not know who you are but certainly you are going to a famous blogger if you are not already ;) Cheers!

# I don't even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great. I do not know who you are but certainly you are going to a famous blogger if you are not already ;) Cheers! 2022/07/31 19:12 I don't even know how I ended up here, but I thoug

I don't even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post
was great. I do not know who you are but certainly you are going to a famous blogger if you are not already ;) Cheers!

# I don't even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great. I do not know who you are but certainly you are going to a famous blogger if you are not already ;) Cheers! 2022/07/31 19:13 I don't even know how I ended up here, but I thoug

I don't even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post
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# Hello just wanted to give you a brief heads up and let you know a few of the pictures aren't loading properly. I'm not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I've tried it in two different internet browsers and both show the same results. 2022/08/10 21:48 Hello just wanted to give you a brief heads up and

Hello just wanted to give you a brief heads up and let you know a few of the
pictures aren't loading properly. I'm not sure why but I think its a linking issue.
I've tried it in two different internet browsers and both
show the same results.

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